The Simple Present Tense

Come costruiamo il Simple Present Tense?

Forma affermativa:

SOGGETTO	+	VERBO BASE(+ S     per la 3a persona singolare)

Esempio:    I play
                    You play
                    He / She / It plays
                    We play
                    You play
                    They play



Stai attento quando formi la terza persona singolare):

• I verbi can, may, might, must rimangono gli stessi in tutte le forme. Quindi non aggiungere la s)

                       esempio: he can, she may, it must

• I verbi che terminano con una o oppure con una consonante sibilante (ch, sh, s, x) aggiungono es invece che solo s.

               esempio: do - he does, wash - she washes - fix - he fixes, watch - she watches,

               go, he goes

• Una y finale dopo una consonante diventa ie prima della s.

               esempio: worry - he worries, study - he studies

• Ma: una y finale dopo una vocale (a, e, i, o, u) non si modifica

           esempio: play - he plays, buy - she buys






Forma interrogativa:

(DO / DOES (per la 3a persona singolare)	+	SOGGETTO	+	VERBO BASE

Esempio:   Do I play?
                    Do you play?
                    Does He / She / It play?
                    Do we play?
                    Do you play?
                    Do they play?






Forma negativa:

SOGGETTO	+	DON'T / DOESN'T per la 3a persona singolare	+	VERBO BASE

Esempio:   I don't play
                   You don't play
                   He / She / It doesn't play
                   We don't play
                   You don't play
                   They don't play


Don't = do + not




Fai attenzione:

1. Per frasi affermative, normalmente non si usa l'ausiliare do.
2. Alla terza persona singolare (he, she, it) si aggiunge s al verbo base o es all'ausiliare do.
3. Con il verbo to be non si usano ausiliari nelle forme affermativa e negativa.

Guarda questi esempi con il verbo like:

	subject	auxiliary verb		main verb
+	I, you, we, they			like	coffee.
	He, she, it			likes	coffee.
-	I, you, we, they	do	not	like	coffee.
	He, she, it	does	not	like	coffee.
?	Do	I, you, we, they		like	coffee?
	Does	he, she, it		like	coffee?

Risposte brevi:


Per le risposte brevi a domande contenenti tutti i verbi
eccetto to be, usa sempre il verbo ausiliare do)!


Esempi:

• Do you like chocolate? Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
• Does he go to school? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't.
• Do they speak Englisk? Yes, they do. / No, they don't.
• Does it have a bone? Yes, it does. / No, it doesn't.
• Does she watch TV? Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't. 

The Verb TO BE:


Guarda questi esempi con il verbo be. Nota che non ci sono ausiliari:

	subject	main verb
+	I	am		French.
	You, we, they	are		French.
	He, she, it	is		French.
-	I	am	not	old.
	You, we, they	are	not	old.
	He, she, it	is	not	old.
?	Am	I		late?
	Are	you, we, they		late?
	Is	he, she, it		late?

 Risposte brevi:

Per le risposte brevi con il verbo to be, usa sempre il verbo to be! 

Esempi:

• Are you happy? Yes, I am. / No, I'm not.
• Is she a teacher? Yes, she is. / No, she isn't.
• Are they your friends? Yes, they are. / No, they aren't.
• Is it a pen? Yes, it is. /No, it isn't.

 Come usiamo il Simple Present Tense?

 Usiamo il simple present tense quando:

• l'azione è generale
• l'azione accade sempre, o abitualmente, nel passato, nel presente e nel futuro
• l'azione non sta accadendo solo adesso
• l'affermazione è sempre vera

John drives a taxi. (John guida un taxi)
past	present	future
(E' il lavoro di John guidare un taxi. Lo fa ogni giorno. Passato, presente, futuro.)

Guarda questi esempi:

• I live in New York.
• The Moon goes round the Earth.
• John drives a taxi.
• He does not drive a bus.
• We meet every Thursday.
• We do not work at night.
• Do you play football?

Nota che con il verbo to be, si può usare il simple present per situazioni che non sono generali, ma che stanno accadendo adesso.

Guarda questi esempi con il verbo to be: alcune sono generali, altre stanno accadendo ora:

Am I right? Tara is not at home. You are happy.
past	present	future
(La situazione è adesso)

 

I am not fat. Why are you so beautiful? Ram is tall.
past	present	future
(La situazione è generale. Passato, presente e futuro)

Practice:

http://www.citycol.com/esol/saccess/lang_systems/grammar/gr-beg/g-b-it/be.htm
http://www.pilarcordoba.com/1eso/to_be/tobe1.htm
http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/averroes/ceip_san_tesifon/recursos/ingles/act_interactivas/cuestionarios/tobe0.htm
http://www.oup.com/elt/global/products/englishfile/elementary/a_grammar/file01/grammar01_a01/
http://michel.barbot.pagesperso-orange.fr/cap/be_have/exo0.htm
http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/averroes/ceip_san_tesifon/recursos/ingles/act_interactivas/cuestionarios/tobeneg_2.htm
http://www.tolearnenglish.com/exercises/exercise-english-2/exercise-english-1545.php
http://www.tolearnenglish.com/exercises/exercise-english-2/exercise-english-7940.php
http://www.tolearnenglish.com/exercises/exercise-english-1/exercise-english-924.php
http://www.eoilangreo.net/cristina/children/be3.htm
http://www.members.iinet.net.au/~adelegc/grammar/present_simple/to_be.html
http://www.englishmaven.org/HP6/Present%20Tense%20Exercise%201.htm
http://www.englishmaven.org/HP6/Present%20Tense%20Exercise%202.htm
http://www.montsemorales.com/gramatica/PresSimpleNegat1.htm
http://www.eflnet.com/grammar/presentagreement.php
http://www.englishmaven.org/HP6/Present%20Tense%20Exercise%206.htm
http://www.tolearnenglish.com/exercises/exercise-english-2/exercise-english-8953.php
http://www.tolearnenglish.com/exercises/exercise-english-2/exercise-english-28975.php
http://www.carmenlu.com/first/grammar/present1_1pos.htm
http://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/elc/studyzone/330/grammar/pres1.htm
http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/averroes/torredelprado/ingles/present_simple1.htm
http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/present-simple-exercise-3.html
http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=2829
http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/present-simple-exercise-2.html
http://www.english-room.com/negative_5.htm
http://www.english-room.com/dodoes_5.htm
http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/present-simple-exercise-4.html
http://www.bastrimbos.com/Hotpotatoesfiles/spresvraag2.htm
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/simple-present/form/exercises
http://mrc.ltd.free.fr/Easy%20Beginner/Exercises/PresentSimple.htm
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/simple-present/form/exercises?02
http://www.english-grammar-lessons.com/presentsimple/exercise4.swf
http://www.iescampanillas.org/ingles/activities/presentsimple/presenttenquiz.htm
http://www.english-area.com/paginas/presentesimpleE1.htm
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/simple-present/form/exercises?03
http://www.montsemorales.com/gramatica/PresSimpleAffirm2.htm
http://www.isabelperez.com/present-sp-1.htm
http://www.my-english.edu.pl/index.php?id=10
http://www.englishlearner.com/tests/present-simple-mix-1.shtml

Possessive Adjectives

Un aggettivo è una parola che modifica un sostantivo per dirci qualcosa in più sul sostantivo stesso.

Tutti gli aggettivi in inglese non cambiano mai.
Non sono mai plurali!!! 
Si mettono davanti al sostantivo a cui si riferiscono!!!.


Esempio: Le mie penne rosse: My red pens.   I tuoi libri vecchi: Your old books.

Gli aggettivi possessivi descrivono a chi o a che cosa appartiene ciò di cui si sta parlando.
C'è un aggettivo possessivo per ogni persona grammaticale.

L'aggettivo possessivo si usa direttamente davanti ad un sostantivo - non c'è articolo!


Esempio: La mia penna = My pen.   Il mio libro = My book.


Gli aggettivi possessivi inglesi sono:

Ricorda: gli aggettivi possessivi in inglese

• sono SEMPRE invariabili per ogni forma (maschile/femminile, singolare/plurale), caratteristica che vale per TUTTI gli aggettivi
• stanno sempre DAVANTI al nome
• non vogliono MAI l’articolo
• per la terza persona singolare è tutto diverso rispetto all’italiano: comanda non il sesso della cosa posseduta, ma di chi la possiede

Esempi:

HIS dog  (the dog of the boy)

HER brother (the brother of the girl)

ITS bone (the bone of the dog)

HER car (the car of Beyoncé)

HIS shoes (the shoes of Barrak Obama)

HER dress (the dress of Lady Gaga)

ITS door (the door of the house)

HIS motorbike (the motorbike of Valentino Rossi)

Practice:

http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=712

http://www.montsemorales.com/gramatica/Pronounandadjec.htm

http://michel.barbot.pagesperso-orange.fr/cap/adj_poss/poss1.htm

http://mbonillo.xavierre.com/httpdocs/exercises/eso1/1eso2007/possessives1.htm

http://www.tolearnenglish.com/exercises/exercise-english-2/exercise-english-5592.php

http://www.montsemorales.com/gramatica/Possessivadj.htm

http://www.tcet.com/eaonline/GrammarCentral/possessive.html

http://www.members.iinet.net.au/~adelegc/grammar/possessive_adjectives/possessiveadjectives.html

http://www.ego4u.de/de/cram-up/grammar/pronouns/exercises?03

http://www.tolearnenglish.com/exercises/exercise-english-2/exercise-english-1919.php

http://www.tolearnenglish.com/exercises/exercise-english-2/exercise-english-5920.php

http://www.tolearnenglish.com/exercises/exercise-english-2/exercise-english-9666.php

http://www.carmenlu.com/first/grammar/possadj1.htm

http://raud.dugal.pagesperso-orange.fr/beginners/herhisheshe/exercice1.htm

http://home.nordnet.fr/~rmaufroid/pupitre/un_peu_de_grammaire/hisher.htm

http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=1957

http://www.esl-lounge.com/student/grammar/1g6-pronoun-or-adjective.php

http://inglesnanet.com/grammar/possadj.htm

http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=1987

http://eolf.univ-fcomte.fr/uploads/ressources/grammar/01_adjectives/01b_possessive_adj/02.htm

http://www.ilv.ucl.ac.be/gramlink-an/exercices/pronom/personnel/pronpersonnel01.htm

The Present Perfect form - Year 3

Come costruiamo il Present Perfect Tense?

La struttura del present perfect tense è:

SOGGETTO	+	VERBO AUSIL. AVERE	+	PARTICIPIO PASSATO DEL     VERBO PRINCIPALE

Esempi:

	subject	auxiliary verb		main verb
+	I	have		seen	ET.
+	You	have		eaten	mine.
-	She	has	not	been	to Rome.
-	We	have	not	played	football.
?	Have	you		finished?
?	Have	they		done	it?

Contrazioni con il present perfect:

Quando si usa il present perfect tense di solito si contrae il soggetto ed il verbo ausiliare. 

I have	I've
You have	You've
He has She has It has John has The car has	He's She's It's John's The car's
We have	We've
They have	They've

Esempi:

• I've finished my work.
• John's seen ET.
• They've gone home.

Il participio passato:

• Se il verbo è regolare, aggiungi un -ed alla forma base.   -   esempio: play - played.     Attenzione alle regole di sscrittura, le stesse usate per il simple past: study - studied, stop - stopped, love - loved.
• Se il verbo è irregolare, devi impararlo a memoria!  -  esempio: go - gone ; be - been...

Practice:

http://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verb-tenses_present-perfect_quiz.htm
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/present-perfect-simple/exercises?03
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/present-perfect-simple/exercises?04
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/present-perfect-simple/exercises?05
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/present-perfect-simple/exercises?07
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/present-perfect-simple/exercises
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/tests/present-perfect-simple-1
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/structures/past_participle.htm
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/present_perfect_statements.htm
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/questions/present_perfect.htm
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/present_perfect_negation.htm
http://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/courses/elc/studyzone/330/grammar/prperf2.htm
http://baladre.info/english/sedaviwebfront/presperfinter.htm
http://www.englishgrammarsecrets.com/presentperfectorpastsimple/exercise4.swf
http://raud.dugal.pagesperso-orange.fr/intermediate/Present%20Perfect/presentperfect2.htm
http://www.english-grammar-lessons.com/presentperfect/exercise1.html
http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/present-perfect-exercise-1.html
http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=1484
http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=2998
http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/present-perfect-exercise-2.html
http://www.english-area.com/paginas/presentperfect.htm
http://personales.ya.com/mjandres/archivos/presentperfect1.htm
http://www.esl-classroom.com/grammar/presperf1.html
http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/present-perfect-exercise-3.html

(where are the errors in this picture?)

English Lesson with Mr. Brown

Simple Past form - Year 2

Come costruiamo il Simple Past Tense?

Ecco una mappa del simple past che puoi stampare copiaincollandola in un file di word:

	V1 base	V2 past	V3 past participle (questa colonna non ti serve per ora)
regular verb	work explode like	worked exploded liked	worked exploded liked	Il simple past di tutti i verbi regolari termina in -ed.
irregular verb	go see sing	went saw sang	gone seen sung	Il simple past di tutti i verbi irregolari è variabile. Devi impararli a memoria!
			Non ti serve il participio passato per formare il simple past tense. In questa tabella è riportato solo per completezza.

Struttura per le  frasi affermative:

 

• SOGGETTO   +   (VERBO BASE+ED)   per i verbi regolari

           Esempio: You played tennis

• SOGGETTO   +   PAST FORM  per i verbi irregolari: seconda voce del paradigma

          Esempio: You ate an apple.

 Struttura per le  frasi negative per i verbi regolari e irregolari:


 SOGGETTO   +  DIDN'T (= DID NOT)   +   VERBO BASE


Esempio: You didn't play tennis.
                  You didn't eat an apple.

 Struttura per le  frasi interrogative per i verbi regolari e irregolari:

 
 DID + SOGGETTO   +   VERBO BASE


Esempio: Did you play tennis?
               Did you eat an apple?

 Il verbo ausiliare did è lo stesso per tutte le persone = I did, you did, he did etc). 

	subject	auxiliary verb		main verb
+	I			went	to school.
	You			worked	very hard.
-	She	did	not	go	with me.
	We	did	not	work	yesterday.
?	Did	you		go	to London?
	Did	they		work	at home?

Eccezione! Il verbo to be (essere) è diverso: 

	subject	main verb
+	I, he/she/it	was		here.
	You, we, they	were		in London.
-	I, he/she/it	was	not	there.
	You, we, they	were	not	happy.
?	Was	I, he/she/it		right?
	Were	you, we, they		late?

Col past tense del verbo to be, non usare ausiliari per le frasi negative ed interrogative. 
Per fare una domanda, scambia di posto il soggetto con il verbo! Esempi:

• You were happy yesterday.
• You were not (=weren't) happy yesterday.
• Were you happy yesterday?

Short answers (risposte brevi):


Per le risposte brevi, usa lo stesso ausiliare che trovi nelle domande!


Esempi:

• Was he at home yesterday? Yes, he was. / No, he wasn't.
• Did you play tennis yesterday? Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.
• Did you eat an apple yesterday? Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.

Lista dei verbi irregolari:

http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/irregular-verbs

Practice:

http://www.bradleys-english-school.com/online/jigword/jigpast1.html
http://www.bradleys-english-school.com/online/jigword/jigpast3.html
http://www.bradleys-english-school.com/online/jigword/jigpast4.html
http://www.tolearnenglish.com/exercises/exercise-english-1/exercise-english-989.php
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/simple-past/exercises?03
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/simple-past/exercises?04
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/simple-past/exercises
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/irregular-verbs/exercise?1
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/irregular-verbs/exercise?0
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/tests/simple-past-1
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/simple_past_statements.htm
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/simple_past_statements2.htm
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/simple_past_negation_sentences.htm
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/simple_past_negation_sentences2.htm
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/simple_past_negation_sentences3.htm
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/questions/simple_past.htm
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/questions/simple_past2.htm
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/simple_past_mix.htm
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/simple_past_mix2.htm
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/simple_past_ed.htm
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/simple_past_ed2.htm
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/was_were.htm
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/was_not_were_not.htm
http://www.englishgrammarsecrets.com/pastsimple/exercise2.swf
http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/past-simple-exercise-8.html
http://www.english-room.com/pasttense_6a.htm
http://www.oup.com/elt/global/products/englishfile/elementary/a_grammar/file05/grammar05_d02/
http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=1939

Simple Past tense games:

http://www.manythings.org/wbg/verbs_past2-mw.html
http://www.bradleys-english-school.com/online/concentration/past3.html
http://www.bradleys-english-school.com/online/concentration/past1.html
http://www.bradleys-english-school.com/online/matchingpairs/mpiregpast1.html
http://www.bradleys-english-school.com/online/matchingpairs/mpiregpast5.html

(where is the error in the position of the words in this picture?)