Possessive Adjectives

Un aggettivo è una parola che modifica un sostantivo per dirci qualcosa in più sul sostantivo stesso.

Tutti gli aggettivi in inglese non cambiano mai.
Non sono mai plurali!!! 
Si mettono davanti al sostantivo a cui si riferiscono!!!.


Esempio: Le mie penne rosse: My red pens.   I tuoi libri vecchi: Your old books.

Gli aggettivi possessivi descrivono a chi o a che cosa appartiene ciò di cui si sta parlando.
C'è un aggettivo possessivo per ogni persona grammaticale.

L'aggettivo possessivo si usa direttamente davanti ad un sostantivo - non c'è articolo!


Esempio: La mia penna = My pen.   Il mio libro = My book.


Gli aggettivi possessivi inglesi sono:

Ricorda: gli aggettivi possessivi in inglese

• sono SEMPRE invariabili per ogni forma (maschile/femminile, singolare/plurale), caratteristica che vale per TUTTI gli aggettivi
• stanno sempre DAVANTI al nome
• non vogliono MAI l’articolo
• per la terza persona singolare è tutto diverso rispetto all’italiano: comanda non il sesso della cosa posseduta, ma di chi la possiede

Esempi:

HIS dog  (the dog of the boy)

HER brother (the brother of the girl)

ITS bone (the bone of the dog)

HER car (the car of Beyoncé)

HIS shoes (the shoes of Barrak Obama)

HER dress (the dress of Lady Gaga)

ITS door (the door of the house)

HIS motorbike (the motorbike of Valentino Rossi)

Practice:

http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=712

http://www.montsemorales.com/gramatica/Pronounandadjec.htm

http://michel.barbot.pagesperso-orange.fr/cap/adj_poss/poss1.htm

http://mbonillo.xavierre.com/httpdocs/exercises/eso1/1eso2007/possessives1.htm

http://www.tolearnenglish.com/exercises/exercise-english-2/exercise-english-5592.php

http://www.montsemorales.com/gramatica/Possessivadj.htm

http://www.tcet.com/eaonline/GrammarCentral/possessive.html

http://www.members.iinet.net.au/~adelegc/grammar/possessive_adjectives/possessiveadjectives.html

http://www.ego4u.de/de/cram-up/grammar/pronouns/exercises?03

http://www.tolearnenglish.com/exercises/exercise-english-2/exercise-english-1919.php

http://www.tolearnenglish.com/exercises/exercise-english-2/exercise-english-5920.php

http://www.tolearnenglish.com/exercises/exercise-english-2/exercise-english-9666.php

http://www.carmenlu.com/first/grammar/possadj1.htm

http://raud.dugal.pagesperso-orange.fr/beginners/herhisheshe/exercice1.htm

http://home.nordnet.fr/~rmaufroid/pupitre/un_peu_de_grammaire/hisher.htm

http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=1957

http://www.esl-lounge.com/student/grammar/1g6-pronoun-or-adjective.php

http://inglesnanet.com/grammar/possadj.htm

http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=1987

http://eolf.univ-fcomte.fr/uploads/ressources/grammar/01_adjectives/01b_possessive_adj/02.htm

http://www.ilv.ucl.ac.be/gramlink-an/exercices/pronom/personnel/pronpersonnel01.htm

The Present Perfect form - Year 3

Come costruiamo il Present Perfect Tense?

La struttura del present perfect tense è:

SOGGETTO	+	VERBO AUSIL. AVERE	+	PARTICIPIO PASSATO DEL     VERBO PRINCIPALE

Esempi:

	subject	auxiliary verb		main verb
+	I	have		seen	ET.
+	You	have		eaten	mine.
-	She	has	not	been	to Rome.
-	We	have	not	played	football.
?	Have	you		finished?
?	Have	they		done	it?

Contrazioni con il present perfect:

Quando si usa il present perfect tense di solito si contrae il soggetto ed il verbo ausiliare. 

I have	I've
You have	You've
He has She has It has John has The car has	He's She's It's John's The car's
We have	We've
They have	They've

Esempi:

• I've finished my work.
• John's seen ET.
• They've gone home.

Il participio passato:

• Se il verbo è regolare, aggiungi un -ed alla forma base.   -   esempio: play - played.     Attenzione alle regole di sscrittura, le stesse usate per il simple past: study - studied, stop - stopped, love - loved.
• Se il verbo è irregolare, devi impararlo a memoria!  -  esempio: go - gone ; be - been...

Practice:

http://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verb-tenses_present-perfect_quiz.htm
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/present-perfect-simple/exercises?03
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/present-perfect-simple/exercises?04
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/present-perfect-simple/exercises?05
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/present-perfect-simple/exercises?07
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/present-perfect-simple/exercises
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/tests/present-perfect-simple-1
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/structures/past_participle.htm
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/present_perfect_statements.htm
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/questions/present_perfect.htm
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/present_perfect_negation.htm
http://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/courses/elc/studyzone/330/grammar/prperf2.htm
http://baladre.info/english/sedaviwebfront/presperfinter.htm
http://www.englishgrammarsecrets.com/presentperfectorpastsimple/exercise4.swf
http://raud.dugal.pagesperso-orange.fr/intermediate/Present%20Perfect/presentperfect2.htm
http://www.english-grammar-lessons.com/presentperfect/exercise1.html
http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/present-perfect-exercise-1.html
http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=1484
http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=2998
http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/present-perfect-exercise-2.html
http://www.english-area.com/paginas/presentperfect.htm
http://personales.ya.com/mjandres/archivos/presentperfect1.htm
http://www.esl-classroom.com/grammar/presperf1.html
http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/present-perfect-exercise-3.html

(where are the errors in this picture?)

English Lesson with Mr. Brown

Simple Past form - Year 2

Come costruiamo il Simple Past Tense?

Ecco una mappa del simple past che puoi stampare copiaincollandola in un file di word:

	V1 base	V2 past	V3 past participle (questa colonna non ti serve per ora)
regular verb	work explode like	worked exploded liked	worked exploded liked	Il simple past di tutti i verbi regolari termina in -ed.
irregular verb	go see sing	went saw sang	gone seen sung	Il simple past di tutti i verbi irregolari è variabile. Devi impararli a memoria!
			Non ti serve il participio passato per formare il simple past tense. In questa tabella è riportato solo per completezza.

Struttura per le  frasi affermative:

 

• SOGGETTO   +   (VERBO BASE+ED)   per i verbi regolari

           Esempio: You played tennis

• SOGGETTO   +   PAST FORM  per i verbi irregolari: seconda voce del paradigma

          Esempio: You ate an apple.

 Struttura per le  frasi negative per i verbi regolari e irregolari:


 SOGGETTO   +  DIDN'T (= DID NOT)   +   VERBO BASE


Esempio: You didn't play tennis.
                  You didn't eat an apple.

 Struttura per le  frasi interrogative per i verbi regolari e irregolari:

 
 DID + SOGGETTO   +   VERBO BASE


Esempio: Did you play tennis?
               Did you eat an apple?

 Il verbo ausiliare did è lo stesso per tutte le persone = I did, you did, he did etc). 

	subject	auxiliary verb		main verb
+	I			went	to school.
	You			worked	very hard.
-	She	did	not	go	with me.
	We	did	not	work	yesterday.
?	Did	you		go	to London?
	Did	they		work	at home?

Eccezione! Il verbo to be (essere) è diverso: 

	subject	main verb
+	I, he/she/it	was		here.
	You, we, they	were		in London.
-	I, he/she/it	was	not	there.
	You, we, they	were	not	happy.
?	Was	I, he/she/it		right?
	Were	you, we, they		late?

Col past tense del verbo to be, non usare ausiliari per le frasi negative ed interrogative. 
Per fare una domanda, scambia di posto il soggetto con il verbo! Esempi:

• You were happy yesterday.
• You were not (=weren't) happy yesterday.
• Were you happy yesterday?

Short answers (risposte brevi):


Per le risposte brevi, usa lo stesso ausiliare che trovi nelle domande!


Esempi:

• Was he at home yesterday? Yes, he was. / No, he wasn't.
• Did you play tennis yesterday? Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.
• Did you eat an apple yesterday? Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.

Lista dei verbi irregolari:

http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/irregular-verbs

Practice:

http://www.bradleys-english-school.com/online/jigword/jigpast1.html
http://www.bradleys-english-school.com/online/jigword/jigpast3.html
http://www.bradleys-english-school.com/online/jigword/jigpast4.html
http://www.tolearnenglish.com/exercises/exercise-english-1/exercise-english-989.php
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/simple-past/exercises?03
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/simple-past/exercises?04
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/simple-past/exercises
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/irregular-verbs/exercise?1
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/irregular-verbs/exercise?0
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/tests/simple-past-1
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/simple_past_statements.htm
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/simple_past_statements2.htm
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/simple_past_negation_sentences.htm
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/simple_past_negation_sentences2.htm
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/simple_past_negation_sentences3.htm
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/questions/simple_past.htm
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/questions/simple_past2.htm
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/simple_past_mix.htm
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/simple_past_mix2.htm
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/simple_past_ed.htm
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/simple_past_ed2.htm
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/was_were.htm
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/was_not_were_not.htm
http://www.englishgrammarsecrets.com/pastsimple/exercise2.swf
http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/past-simple-exercise-8.html
http://www.english-room.com/pasttense_6a.htm
http://www.oup.com/elt/global/products/englishfile/elementary/a_grammar/file05/grammar05_d02/
http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=1939

Simple Past tense games:

http://www.manythings.org/wbg/verbs_past2-mw.html
http://www.bradleys-english-school.com/online/concentration/past3.html
http://www.bradleys-english-school.com/online/concentration/past1.html
http://www.bradleys-english-school.com/online/matchingpairs/mpiregpast1.html
http://www.bradleys-english-school.com/online/matchingpairs/mpiregpast5.html

(where is the error in the position of the words in this picture?)



Simple past use

USE 1 - Azione conclusa nel passato

Usa il Simple Past per parlare di un'azione iniziata e finita nel passato in un determinato momento.

Esempi:

• I saw a movie yesterday.
• I didn't see a play yesterday.
• Last year, I went to Japan.
• Last year, I didn't go to Korea.
• Did you have dinner last night?
• She washed her car.
• He didn't wash her car.

USE 2 - Serie di azioni concluse

Usa il Simple Past per parlare di una lista di azioni accadute nel passato in successione.

Esempi:

• I finished work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim.
• He arrived from the airport at 8:00, went to the hotel at 9:00, and met the others at 10:00.
• Did you take the milk, and then add the sugar?

 

USE 3 - Azioni di varia durata accadute nel passato

Il Simple past può essere usato per parlare di un'azione di una certa durata che è iniziata e finita nel passato.

In questo caso si possono usare espressioni come for two years (per due anni), for five minutes (per 5 minuti), all day (per tutto il giorno), all year (per tutto l'anno), etc.

Esempi:

• I lived in Brazil for two years.
• Shauna studied Japanese for five years.
• They sat at the beach all day.
• They did not stay at the party the entire time.
• We talked on the phone for thirty minutes.
• A: How long did you wait for them?
  B: We waited for one hour.

 

USE 4 - Abitudini nel passato

ll Simple Past può essere usato anche per descrivere abitudini che si avevano in passato.

In questo caso si possono usare espressioni come always (sempre), often (spesso), usually (di solito), never (mai), when I was a child (quando ero piccolo/a), when I was younger (quando ero più giovane), etc.

Esempi:

• I studied French when I was a child.
• He played the violin.
• He didn't play the piano.
• Did you play a musical instrument when you were a kid?
• She worked at the movie theater after school.
• They never went to school, they always skipped class.

USE 5 - Fatti accaduti nel passato o generalizzazioni

Il Simple Past può essere usato anche per descrivere eventi accaduti nel passato o cose in genere sempre vere nel passato, che non sono più così adesso nel presente.

Esempi:

• She was funny when she was a child, but now she is very seroius.
• He didn't like tomatoes before.
• Did you live in Texas when you were young?
• People paid much more to make cell phone calls in the past.

(did you find all the errors in sentences of the pictures?)

Personal Object Pronouns - pronomi personali complemento

Questi sono i pronomi personali complemento, seguiti da alcune frasi di esempio:

Ricorda! L'oggetto della frase riceve l'azione del verbo.

I pronomi personali complemento vengono dopo un verbo o una preposizione!



number	person	gender	personal pronouns
			subject	object
singular	1st	male/female	I	me
	2nd	male/female	you	you
	3rd	male	he	him
		female	she	her
		neuter	it	it
plural	1st	male/female	we	us
	2nd	male/female	you	you
	3rd	male/female/neuter	they	them

Esempi: (in ognuno dei casi, il primo esempio mostra un pronome soggetto, il secondo un pronome complemento):

• I like coffee.
• John helps me.

• You love John.
• John loves you.

• He runs fast.
• Do you see him?

• She is intelligent.
• I like her.

• It is big.
• Can you take it?

• We go home.
• Anthony comes with us.

• You know me.
• I know you!

• They play football.
• John plays with them.

Practice:

http://www.quia.com/cz/66710.html?AP_rand=661754168
http://www.1-language.com/englishcourse/unit8_grammar_exs.htm
http://www.1-language.com/englishcourse/unit8_grammar_exs2.htm
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/pronouns/personal_pronouns3.htm
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/pronouns/exercises?02
http://www.english-4u.de/pers_pronouns_ex1.htm
http://www.english-4u.de/pers_pronouns_ex2.htm
http://www.english-4u.de/pers_pronouns_ex3.htm
http://www.english-4u.de/pers_pronouns_ex4.htm
http://www.english-4u.de/pers_pronouns_ex5.htm
http://www.english-4u.de/pers_pronouns_ex6.htm
http://perso.wanadoo.es/autoenglish/gr.pronoun.i.htm
http://a4esl.org/q/h/9901/jd-pronouns.html

Personal subject pronouns - pronomi personali soggetto

I pronomi personali soggetto sono:

Fai attenzione quando usi questi pronomi! Specialmente la terza persona singolare!

HE = si usa per un essere umano maschio

SHE = si usa per un essere umano femmina

IT = si usa per animali e cose.

Se si sta parlando del proprio animale domestico, e si sa se è un maschio o una femmina, si può usare he o she.

Practice:


http://www.nspeak.com/newbasic/grammatica/pronomiperson.htm
http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=2410
http://www.tolearnenglish.com/exercises/exercise-english-2/exercise-english-5556.php
http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=1688
http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=1014
http://www.english-room.com/quiz/02_pronouns_1.htm
http://www.my-english.edu.pl/index.php?id=22
http://personales.ya.com/mjandres/archivos/pronouns1.htm
http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=2321
http://personales.ya.com/mjandres/archivos/pronouns1.htm
http://www.hseidensticker.de/unit0/subperpron.htm